Statistics: Mean, Median, Mode and Range

➕ Mathematics (SS) 📋 SS1 📅 Second Term ⏱ ~20 min 📝 5 quiz questions

Measures of Central Tendency

These are single values that represent an entire data set.

Mean (Average)

Mean = Sum of all values ÷ Number of values

Data: 12, 15, 18, 20, 25
Mean = (12+15+18+20+25) ÷ 5 = 90 ÷ 5 = 18

Median (Middle value)

Arrange data in order, then find the middle value.
Data: 3, 7, 9, 12, 15 → Median = 9 (middle value)
Even number: Data: 4, 6, 10, 14 → Median = (6+10)÷2 = 8

Mode (Most frequent)

The value that appears most often.
Data: 2, 3, 3, 5, 7, 3, 8 → Mode = 3 (appears 3 times)

Range

Range = Highest value − Lowest value

Data: 4, 9, 15, 21, 30 → Range = 30 − 4 = 26

Frequency Distribution Tables

Organise data into classes. Calculate the mean using:
Mean = Σ(fx) ÷ Σf where f = frequency and x = class midpoint.

When to Use Which Measure

  • Mean: best for symmetrical data with no extreme outliers
  • Median: best when there are extreme values (e.g. income data)
  • Mode: best for categorical data (most popular colour, shoe size)

📝 Quiz — Test Your Understanding

Answer all 5 questions, then click Submit to see your result.

Question 1 of 5
What is the mean of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20?
Mean = (4+8+12+16+20) ÷ 5 = 60 ÷ 5 = 12.
Question 2 of 5
Find the median of: 3, 7, 2, 9, 5 (arrange first)
Arranged in order: 2, 3, 5, 7, 9. The middle (3rd) value is 5.
Question 3 of 5
What is the mode of: 6, 4, 8, 4, 9, 4, 6?
4 appears 3 times (most frequent). 6 appears twice. So the mode is 4.
Question 4 of 5
The range of 15, 32, 8, 45, 21 is:
Range = Highest − Lowest = 45 − 8 = 37.
Question 5 of 5
For a data set with extreme outliers, which measure of central tendency is most appropriate?
The median is not affected by extreme values (outliers). The mean can be distorted by very high or very low values, making the median a better representation of the "centre" in such cases.
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