The Nigerian Constitution
A constitution is the fundamental law of a land. It defines the structure of government, the rights of citizens, and the limits of government power.
Types of Constitutions
- Written constitution: contained in a single document (Nigeria, USA)
- Unwritten constitution: based on conventions and case law (UK)
- Rigid: difficult to amend (special procedures required)
- Flexible: easily amended like ordinary laws
Nigeria's 1999 Constitution
Nigeria currently operates under the 1999 Constitution (as amended). Key features:
- Federal system of government
- Presidential system (President as Head of State and Government)
- Three tiers: Federal, State (36 states + FCT), Local Government (774 LGAs)
- Three arms of government: Executive, Legislature, Judiciary
- Fundamental human rights (Chapter IV)
Federalism
Federalism is a system where powers are divided between a central government and regional governments.
Nigeria's Federal Structure
- Exclusive list: powers for the federal government only (defence, foreign affairs, currency)
- Concurrent list: shared powers (education, health, agriculture)
- Residual powers: remaining powers for states